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Lima, the capital of Peru, is
located on the west central coast of South America, 150 m/427 ft.a.s.l.
Climate: Seasons are opposite to those of the United States
and Europe. Summer is from December through April. The average temperature is between
25ēC in summer and 15ēC in winter.
BRIEF HISTORY
PRE-COLUMBIAN PERIOD:
In the very ancient times, there was a fishermen village in the area, whose
inhabitants were essentially religious. Later on, the Proto-Lima culture appeared
comprising two expressions: the Maranga and the Aramburu.
The cultures in the Lima valley were developed by three people: the Collas coming from Canta and Huarochiri, the Huanchos who came following the course of the Rimac river, and
the Huallas who entered the valley through Carabayllo.
When the Incas arrived, they respected their buildings, way of living and religion,
allowing them to worship the new God Pachacarnac along with their own god the Sun.
HISPANIC PERIOD:
The city of Lima was founded by Francisco Pizarro on January
18, 1535, reaching its greatest splendor in the 17th and 18th centuries, during which it
came to be the seat of the political and military power represented by the viceroy.
During the reign of the Austrians and Borbon dynasties, a succession of 40 viceroys
occupied the Government house.
During this period of 282 years, religious
life 'flourished. This being the time of Santa Rosa of Lima, Patron Saint of Peru, America
and the Philippines, the world known San Martin de Porras, Patron Saint of barbers and
hairdressers, and also San Juan Masias.
REPUBLICAN PERIOD:
General Jose de San Martin, proclaimed the independence of Peru in Lima on July
28, 1821.
It was later, during the government of Mariscal Ramon Castilla, that Lima took an advanced
step over the cities of the American continent by implementing a railroad for the first
time in South America between the cities of Lima and Callao. It was also during this
period that gaslight and the telegraph were installed and black slavery was abolished.
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